Chemicals mediate the interaction between plant‐associated fungi and insects

Plants, insects, and fungi have successfully colonized almost all terrestrial ecosystems, their interactions been the subject of numerous studies in recent decades. Plant-associated include endophytic, arbuscular mycorrhizal, ambrosia, saprotrophic, pathogenic, floral fungi. These interact with insects through various mechanisms, including modification plant nutritional quality degradation defensive allelochemicals that are toxic to insects. Additionally, certain assist plants defending against insect attacks. Correspondingly, evolved sophisticated nervous, digestive, muscular systems them recognizing, preying on, dispersing plant-associated fungi; these organ allow detect respond chemical signatures environment. Insects can be nourished, attracted, repelled, poisoned, killed by molecules produced fungi, which could beneficial or detrimental plants. This review summarizes functions different chemicals from perspective plant–fungus–insect discusses challenges future perspectives this ecology research field.